Lesson Title: The Japanese Tea Ceremony

Grade Level/Content Focus: Grade 12- World Literature (suitable for 10th grade World Literature classes or World History classes)

Time Period: one class period –45 minutes (part of an introduction to a Japanese Literature unit )

Standards:

Expectation 1: The processes of reading, writing, speaking and listening, and the content of language and literature are best taught in an integrated manner.

1.The study of the aesthetic of the Japanese tea ceremony will enable students to better understand and appreciate the Japanese literature they will later read.

1.The study of the aesthetic of the Japanese tea ceremony will enable students to better understand and appreciate the Japanese literature they will later read.

S-32 1. The student will evaluate the interactions of environmental factors and the location and distribution of human activity.

2.The student will examine the role of culture in shaping regional and global interactions.

A.1 The student will analyze the role of social institutions in shaping
distinct cultural identity (s-32)
A.2. The student will examine how culture has been transmitted and
diffused. (S-33)
A.2. C Chinese influence in Southeast Asia and Japan (S-33)
3.The students will consider how a culture adapts practices(ie. The use of tea) adopted from another culture and makes them its own.

Objectives:

1. Students will learn about the Japanese tea ceremony through a reading and a power point presentation.
2. Students will learn vocabulary connected with the tea ceremony.
3. Students will make connections between the introduction of tea from China and the Japanese ability to make it unique to its culture.
4. Students will discuss our adaptation of other cultures’ foods and things.
5. Students will complete a crossword puzzle on vocabulary.
6. Students will write about their perceptions of the tea ceremony.
7. Students will drink green tea in small groups to gain a small taste of the experience.


Vocabulary:

cha tea
Matcha steamed and dried green tea leaves ground into powder
cha no yu tea ceremony(hot water for tea)
raku rough black tea bowls
sukiya teahouse
tatami straw mats on floor
tokonoma alcove for scroll
kakemono  


- scroll of a painting or calligraphy
dogu-haiken- appreciation of the tea utensils
wai- harmony
kei- respect
sei – purity
jaku- tranquility

MATERIALS/RESOURCES:
Text Sources- for teacher
De Mente, Boyd. Everything Japanese: The Authorative Reference
On Japan Today. Chicago: Passport Books, 1989.
Khanduri, Kamini, Japanese Art and Culture. Chicago: Raintree, 2004.
Newman, Robert. The Japanese: People of the Three Treasures. Forge
Village, MA: The Murray Printing Co., 1964.
The Urasenke Chado Tradition. Kyoto: Urasenke Foundation, 2003.
World Masterpieces. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996.

Web Sites- for teacher
www.puzzlemaker.com – crossword and other puzzles
www.urasenke.or.jp- tea tradition
Student Worksheets
Brief explanation of the Tea Ceremony
Japanese Tea Ceremony Vocabulary Puzzle

Objects: Power Point Program
Computer- LCD panel-cables/extension cord
Screen
Japanese tea pot and cups-display only
Hot cups- enough for class
Kettle of hot water
Green tea bags-enough for class
Napkins
Cookies- optional
TEACHER BACKGROUND
This lesson will take place after a slide show on Japan and discussion of the “Introduction to Japanese Literature” in our text World Masterpieces. The introduction makes clear that the Japanese modeled many parts of their culture and writing upon Chinese ideas. It is important to see how Japan then modified these things to its own purposes. The tea ceremony is a good example of this modification and it also represents a philosophy and appreciation of an important concept: “the appreciation of the subtle, austere beauty that may be discovered in things that seem humble and unassuming” (The Urasenke Chado Tradition 1).
We will begin by looking at some parts of other cultures that have been adapted to life in the United States. They will be asked to come up with some ideas in their daybooks. Kris Kringle to Santa Claus, St. Patrick’s Day, Valentine’s Day, the taco-Taco Bell, fried dough in many cultures-funnel cakes, pinata-birthday parties etc.
They will read over a brief summary of the tea ceremony and see a power point program of one. They will complete a puzzle to demonstrate knowledge of the vocabulary words. Then in small groups with one student as a host in each, they will try the green tea and discuss the tea ceremony. For homework, they will write about the tea ceremony, its adaptation and its value in the Japanese society. Is our society missing out by not having such a ceremony? What do we have instead?
Ideally this will give them a willingness to appreciate the Japanese literature they will read and the people who wrote the works.

LESSON DEVELOPMENT:

Motivation: In daybook-(notebook where an activity or thoughts related to the day’s lesson are written) Give some ideas, activities, foods,or holidays, that have come from other countries and cultures that we have adapted in the US today. (5 min)
Sharing and Discussion of ideas (5 min)
Modeling: Reveal covered Japanese tea set- pair/share drinking tea –(3 min)
Tell purpose of lesson-learn about tea ceremony and to write about it (2 mi
Guided Practice- Hand out overview of tea ceremony-read silently ( 3 min)
Look at Power Point (10 min)
Discuss (2 min)
Independent Practice: Do puzzle on vocabulary-
each group host comes up to get tea cups (5 min)
for group
Assessment Drink tea in groups and discuss tea and tea ceremony(5 min)
Closure/Summary Final thoughts – reminder assignment is #4 on assignment sheet(5)
Turn in completed puzzles


Written Assessment: 1. Completed accurate puzzles
2. Three paragraph essay- Write about the Japanese tea ceremony.-how it was adapted by the Japanese to suit their culture and its function in the society. Think about our society in comparison. Would the tea ceremony have a place here? Would you willing to study to learn how to do it? What do we have, if anything, that is similar?
GRADING:
50 points- correct grammar, no spelling errors. Accurate statements about tea ceremony
makes clear comparisons and gives logical ideas using examples
40 points- few grammar errors, 2 spelling errors. – accurate statements about tea
ceremony. Comparisons could be clearer-could give more examples
30 points- grammar and spelling errors- all statements are not accurate about tea
ceremony. Few comparisons- one or no examples



THE JAPAPESE TEA CEREMONY

Tea /Cha - According to legend the custom of drinking tea originated in China about 5,000 years ago when a Chinese emperor was sitting under a camellia tree with a pot of boiling water in front of him. Leaves falling from the tree landed in the pot, sending out a fragrant aroma. The emperor tasting the new brew immediately named it Heavenly Dew.

Emperor Shomu (701-756) introduced tea drinking into Japan when Ganjin, a famous Chinese priest, brought him some medicines that included tea. Initially only priests drank tea. They used it to keep awake while studying. Because priests were the primary source of learning, by the middle of the thirteenth century the custom spread to the general public.

The Tea Ceremony / Cha no yu ( hot water for tea)

In the 15th century Zen priests held elaborate tea ceremonies in grand rooms with expensive Chinese pottery. It is the 16th century Zen tea master Sen no Rikyu who is credited with developing the simple intimate tea ceremony that remains an important part of the Japanese culture today.

Rikyu stripped the ceremony down to its bare essentials and emphasized simplicity. The only equipment he used was an iron kettle, a plain container for the tea, a bamboo tea scoop and tea whisk, and rough black tea bowls, known as raku ware. Despite this apparent simplicity, the whole ceremony is an elaborate ritual which both host and guests need to learn through extensive instruction lasting as long as seven years.

Several different types of tea ceremonies exist depending on the time of day and what else is served with the tea. Teahouses or sukiya developed along with the ceremony. In the Kyoto area where the ceremony was developed, some teahouses are over three hundred years old.

Whether there is a separate teahouse or an area in a home prepared for the ceremony, the basic procedure of all tea ceremonies is the same. The host invites guests, usually no more than four or five, then takes great care to clean the room and utensils. The wood floor is covered with tatami, straw mats. In a corner of the room is a tokonoma, an alcove, a scroll of a painting or calligraphy , kakemono, is hung there and a flower arrangement is placed near it. Previously a fireplace would be readied with a handsome kettle over it heating water. Today, an electric kettle or hot plate is used to heat the water.

When the guests arrive, they enter through a special gate and wait in a special area. When the host greets his/her guests, they wash their hands in a special basin and then enter one by one. Each proceeds first to the alcove to examine the scroll and then to the fireplace to inspect the kettle.

The place where each is to sit is specified and so is the order of conversation. The first subject is the alcove and scroll. After each guest has expressed an opinion, the host prepares the tea.
The tea used is matcha, a tea made of steamed and dried green tea leaves ground into a powder. The taste of the tea is astringent. It is meant to stimulate the taste buds and help the person feel alive and one with nature and the universe.

The host places the tea into the cup, pours hot water over it and then uses a whisk to stir it to a foam. She may do this for each guest’s cup or a single cup is passed to the first guest with a neatly folded napkin. He sipped the tea, wiped the cup with the napkin and passed it back to the host. The host then gives it to the second guest and so on. The last guest is careful to finish the tea. Then the cup is passed around again for examination and comment.

An essential part of the tea ceremony is examining and appreciating the utensils used- known as dogu-haiken. The items are passed one at a time to each guest, who is expected to demonstrate both taste and refinement in commenting on and appreciating the beauty and artistry of the implements.

While the utensils were supposed to be extremely plain, there was sometimes great ostentation hidden in the simplicity. Rich noblemen would pay fortunes for simple articles that had acquired value through their association with famous tea masters. According to Newman, one seventeenth century Korean peasant’s rice bowl was used by a celebrated tea master, then it went on to a Shogun. When it was sold in the 1930’s, its price was close to a hundred thousand dollars (128).

“Today the tea ceremony is most popular among women- when they are young, as a way of developing good manners and a calm, harmonious attitude; and as they grow older, as a way of sustaining the spirit and, along with friends, communing with nature.”
De Mente 276).

“Nakano Kazuma, a famous tea-master, once said: ‘The spirit of cha-no-yu is to cleanse the senses from contamination. By seeing the kakemono in the tokonoma and smelling the flower in the vase, one’s sight and sense of smell is cleansed; by listening to the boiling of water in the kettle and the dripping of water from the bamboo pipe, one’s ears are cleansed; by tasting tea, one’s mouth is cleansed; and by handling the tea utensils, one’s sense of touch is cleansed. When all the sense organs are thus cleansed, the mind is cleansed of all defilements. The art of tea is after all a spiritual discipline, and my aspiration for every hour of the day is not to depart from the spirit of the tea, which is by no means a matter of mere entertainment’” (Newman 128).